Cuba

Social Communication Law (LCS): Approved by the National Assembly, it reaffirms the state monopoly on media, prohibits independent media, and imposes broad content restrictions including deepfakes.

Law N.º 149 de Protección de Datos Personales: Becomes effective, recognizing personal data protection rights but with broad exceptions for 'collective security, general welfare, respect for public order and the interest of defense.'

New Penal Code: Takes effect, further criminalizing online speech and classifying the use of social media platforms as an 'aggravating circumstance' for certain crimes, with penalties including imprisonment and fines.

Decree Law 35 'On Telecommunications, Information and Communication Technologies, and the Use of the Radioelectric Spectrum': Severely restricts freedom of expression online, requires providers to interrupt services for 'fake' or 'sexual, discriminatory content,' and content affecting 'public morality' or 'public order.'

Resolution 105: Outlines online offenses including 'dissemination of false news,' 'defamation with an impact on the country’s prestige,' and 'cyberterrorism.'

Agreement No. 8663 of the Council of Ministers: Disposes the Ministry of Justice to ensure publication in the Gaceta Oficial and citizen access to law.

Decree Law 370/2018 'On the informatization of society': Prohibits dissemination of information 'contrary to the social interest, morals, good manners and integrity of people' on public networks, with penalties including fines and equipment confiscation.

Decree Law 389: Formally authorizes investigators to engage in electronic surveillance without prior judicial approval.

Pornography Laws Relaxed: Laws regarding pornography were relaxed in the 2010s, though online pornography remains restricted.

Internet Use Legalized for All Citizens: Cuban authorities approved legal internet use for all citizens, which was previously restricted.

Resolution 127: A network security measure banning the use of public data-transmission networks to spread information against social interest, good behavior, integrity of people, or national security.

Ambassador Miguel Ramirez's Statement: Cuban ambassador Miguel Ramirez argues Cuba's right to regulate internet access and avoid pornographic, satanic cults, terrorist, or other negative sites.

Law 88 (Gag Law): Punishes any activity that threatens Cuban sovereignty or facilitates the US trade embargo, with penalties up to 15 years in prison.

Decree Law 209: Internet use must not violate Cuban society’s moral principles or the country’s laws, and email messages must not jeopardize national security.